For all breeds and hybrids, the risk of genetic defects is a given. These are especially favoured by the constant crossing of the same genetic material, as in the breeding in isolated areas like islands, known as a genetic bottleneck.
But to achieve breeding goals they are sometimes deliberately used or taken into account. For example: hip dysplasia (HD); Ellbogengelenksdysplasie (ED); brachycephaly; Brachyury; or Dackellahme are serious and often fatal inbreeding problems. The joint changes are mainly defined arbitrarily in relation to the body (for example, the sloping back of the Shepherd or the back of the overly long necked dogs).
Consequences of such genetic defects can lead to complete paralysis. Another discipline arising from a defect in the skeleton is wobbler syndrome. This occurs especially in long-necked breeds like the Doberman and Great Dane and designates of at least one deformed vertebrae. The deformed vortex is unstable. This can result in the worst cases, to the narrowing of the spinal canal, thereby contributing to paralysis of the forelegs.
A common genetic defect that was specifically detected in long-haired collies, but also occurs with collie related breeds like the Australian Cattle Dog, and numerous other British herding dogs, was the MDR1 defect. This prevents the synthesis of p-glycoprotein, which is an important inter alia, to maintain the blood-brain barrier, which ensures that certain medical agents can get into the brain. Lacking the p-glycoprotein, the dose must be greatly reduced with certain medications because they otherwise may have fatal side effects.
Some dog owners practice a dog food with specific fresh food (BARF). The diet is nutritionally questionable food waste, as this deficiency can be produced. Many human food and beverages are more or less toxic to dogs, such as chocolate because of the information contained, as well as onions, grapes and raisins.
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